What Hemisphere Is Hawaii In

Archipelago in the Pacific Ocean

Hawaiian Islands

Native name: Mokupuni o Hawai'i
The Windward Islands of Hawaii
Geography
Location	Northward Pacific Sea
Coordinates	twenty°54′00″N 156°36′00″W  /  twenty.90000°N 156.60000°W  / 20.90000; -156.60000 Coordinates: 20°54′00″N 156°36′00″W  /  twenty.90000°N 156.60000°W  / 20.90000; -156.60000
Full islands	137
Highest point	Mauna Kea xiii,796 ft (four,205 m)
Assistants
United States
State	Hawaii
Unincorporated territory	Midway Atoll
Largest settlement	Honolulu

The Hawaiian Islands (Hawaiian: Mokupuni o Hawai'i) are an archipelago of 8 major islands, several atolls, and numerous smaller islets in the North Pacific Ocean, extending some one,500 miles (2,400 kilometers) from the isle of Hawaiʻi in the s to northernmost Kure Atoll. Formerly the group was known to Europeans and Americans equally the Sandwich Islands, a name that James Cook chose in honor of the fourth Earl of Sandwich, the then Kickoff Lord of the Admiralty. Melt came across the islands by chance when crossing the Pacific Ocean on his Third Voyage, on lath HMS Resolution; he was after killed on the islands on a return visit. The contemporary proper noun of the islands, dating from the 1840s, is derived from the proper name of the largest island, Hawaiʻi Island.

Hawaii sits on the Pacific Plate and is the only U.S. state that is not geographically connected to North America. It is part of the Polynesia subregion of Oceania. The state of Hawaii occupies the archipelago nearly in its entirety (including the mostly uninhabited Northwestern Hawaiian Islands), with the sole exception of Midway Isle, which also belongs to the United States, albeit as one of its unincorporated territories within the United States Minor Outlying Islands.

The Hawaiian Islands are the exposed peaks of a great undersea mountain range known as the Hawaiian–Emperor seamount chain, formed by volcanic activity over a hotspot in the Globe'due south mantle. The islands are nearly 1,860 miles (iii,000 km) from the nearest continent.

Islands and reefs [edit]

The date of the first settlements of the Hawaiian Islands is a topic of continuing debate.^[1] Archaeological evidence seems to point a settlement equally early on as 124 AD.^[2]

Captain James Cook, RN, visited the islands on January eighteen, 1778,^[3] and named them the "Sandwich Islands" in honor of The 4th Earl of Sandwich, who equally the First Lord of the Admiralty was ane of his sponsors.^[4] This name was in utilise until the 1840s, when the local name "Hawaii" gradually began to take precedence.^[5]

The Hawaiian Islands have a total land area of 6,423.iv square miles (xvi,636.5 km^two). Except for Midway, which is an unincorporated territory of the United States, these islands and islets are administered every bit Hawaii—the 50th state of the United States.^[6]

Major islands [edit]

Isle	Nickname	Area	Population (every bit of 2020)	Density	Highest bespeak	Acme	Historic period (Ma)[seven]	Location
Hawaiʻi[viii]	The Big Island	1 4,028.0 sq mi (10,432.five kmii)	200,629	iv 45.948/sq mi (17.7407/km2)	Mauna Kea	1 13,796 ft (four,205 m)	0.4	19°34′N 155°thirty′W  /  19.567°N 155.500°Due west  / 19.567; -155.500  (Hawaii)
Maui[9]	The Valley Isle	ii 727.two sq mi (i,883.4 km2)	164,221	ii 198.630/sq mi (76.692/km2)	Haleakalā	2 10,023 ft (3,055 m)	1.iii–0.8	20°48′Northward 156°20′W  /  20.800°N 156.333°West  / xx.800; -156.333  (Maui)
Oʻahu[10]	The Gathering Place	3 596.7 sq mi (ane,545.4 kmii)	1,016,508	one 1,597.46/sq mi (616.78/km2)	Mount Kaʻala	5 iv,003 ft (ane,220 m)	iii.7–two.6	21°28′Due north 157°59′W  /  21.467°N 157.983°Due west  / 21.467; -157.983  (Oahu)
Kauaʻi[11]	The Garden Isle	4 552.3 sq mi (ane,430.v km2)	73,298	3 121.168/sq mi (46.783/km2)	Kawaikini	three 5,243 ft (i,598 m)	five.1	22°05′Northward 159°30′W  /  22.083°N 159.500°W  / 22.083; -159.500  (Kauai)
Molokaʻi[12]	The Friendly Isle	5 260.0 sq mi (673.four km2)	7,345	5 28.250/sq mi (10.9074/kmtwo)	Kamakou	four 4,961 ft (ane,512 m)	1.9–1.8	21°08′N 157°02′Westward  /  21.133°N 157.033°W  / 21.133; -157.033  (Molokai)
Lānaʻi[thirteen]	The Pineapple Isle	6 140.5 sq mi (363.9 kmii)	3,367	six 22.313/sq mi (eight.615/km2)	Lānaʻihale	half dozen three,366 ft (1,026 m)	1.3	xx°50′North 156°56′W  /  20.833°N 156.933°Westward  / 20.833; -156.933  (Lanai)
Niʻihau[xiv]	The Forbidden Isle	vii 69.5 sq mi (180.0 kmtwo)	84	7 2.45/sq mi (0.944/km2)	Mount Pānīʻau	8 1,250 ft (381 k)	four.9	21°54′N 160°ten′West  /  21.900°Due north 160.167°W  / 21.900; -160.167  (Niihau)
Kahoʻolawe[15]	The Target Isle	8 44.half-dozen sq mi (115.five kmii)	0	8 0/sq mi (0/km2)	Puʻu Moaulanui	7 1,483 ft (452 yard)	1.0	20°33′N 156°36′West  /  20.550°North 156.600°Due west  / 20.550; -156.600  (Kahoolawe)

The eight major islands of Hawaii (Windward Islands) are listed above. All except Kaho'olawe are inhabited.^[16]

Pocket-sized islands, islets [edit]

Hawaiian Islands from infinite.^[17]

three-D perspective view of the southeastern Hawaiian Islands, with the white summits of Mauna Loa (4,170 thousand or xiii,680 ft loftier) and Mauna Kea (4,207.3 m or xiii,803 ft loftier). The islands are the tops of massive volcanoes, the bulk of which lie below the ocean surface. Ocean depths are colored from violet (five,750 m or xviii,860 ft deep northeast of Maui) and indigo to light grey (shallowest). Historical lava flows are shown in cherry, erupting from the summits and rift zones of Mauna Loa, Kilauea, and Hualalai volcanoes on Hawaiʻi.

The land of Hawaii counts 137 "islands" in the Hawaiian concatenation.^[18] This number includes all pocket-sized islands (small islands), islets (even smaller islands) offshore of the major islands (listed above) and private islets in each atoll. These are only a few:

• Kaʻula
• Lehua
• Makapuʻu
• Mānana
• Mōkōlea Rock
• Mokuʻumeʻume
• Mokoliʻi
• Molokini
• Moku Manu
• Moku Ola
• Moku o Loʻe
• Nā Mokulua

Partial islands, atolls, reefs [edit]

A composite satellite image from NASA of the Hawaiian Islands taken from outer space. Click on the paradigm for a larger view that shows the chief islands and the extended archipelago.

Fractional islands, atolls, reefs (west of Niʻihau are uninhabited except Midway Atoll) form the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (Leeward Islands):

• Nihoa (Mokumana)
• Necker (Mokumanamana)
• French Frigate Shoals (Kānemilohaʻi)
• Gardner Pinnacles (Pūhāhonu)
• Maro Reef (Nalukākala)
• Laysan (Kauō)
• Lisianski Isle (Papaʻāpoho)
• Pearl and Hermes Atoll (Holoikauaua)
• Midway Atoll (Pihemanu)
• Kure Atoll (Mokupāpapa)

Geology [edit]

This chain of islands, or archipelago, adult as the Pacific Plate slowly moved northwestward over a hotspot in the Globe'due south mantle at a rate of approximately 32 miles (51 km) per million years. Thus, the southeast island is volcanically agile, whereas the islands on the northwest end of the archipelago are older and typically smaller, due to longer exposure to erosion. The age of the archipelago has been estimated using potassium-argon dating methods.^[19] From this study and others,^{[xx] [21]} information technology is estimated that the northwesternmost island, Kure Atoll, is the oldest at approximately 28 million years (Ma); while the southeasternmost isle, Hawaiʻi, is approximately 0.4 Ma (400,000 years). The merely active volcanism in the concluding 200 years has been on the southeastern island, Hawaiʻi, and on the submerged but growing volcano to the extreme southeast, Kamaʻehuakanaloa (formerly Loʻihi). The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory of the USGS documents recent volcanic activity and provides images and interpretations of the volcanism. Kīlauea had been erupting about continuously since 1983 when it stopped August 2018.

Almost all of the magma of the hotspot has the composition of basalt, then the Hawaiian volcanoes are composed nigh entirely of this igneous rock. At that place is very little coarser-grained gabbro and diabase. Nephelinite is exposed on the islands simply is extremely rare. The majority of eruptions in Hawaiʻi are Hawaiian-type eruptions because basaltic magma is relatively fluid compared with magmas typically involved in more explosive eruptions, such every bit the andesitic magmas that produce some of the spectacular and dangerous eruptions around the margins of the Pacific basin.

Hawaiʻi island (the Big Isle) is the biggest and youngest island in the chain, built from five volcanoes. Mauna Loa, taking upwards over one-half of the Big Isle, is the largest shield volcano on the Earth. The measurement from sea level to meridian is more than 2.5 miles (four km), from sea level to sea floor about 3.ane miles (5 km).^[22]

Earthquakes [edit]

The Hawaiian Islands have many earthquakes, generally caused by volcanic activity. Almost of the early convulsion monitoring took place in Hilo, by missionaries Titus Coan, Sarah J. Lyman and her family unit. Between 1833 and 1896, approximately 4 or 5 earthquakes were reported per yr.^[23]

Hawaii accounted for seven.3% of the United states of america' reported earthquakes with a magnitude three.5 or greater from 1974 to 2003, with a total 1533 earthquakes. Hawaii ranked as the state with the tertiary about earthquakes over this time period, later on Alaska and California.^[24]

On Oct 15, 2006, there was an earthquake with a magnitude of 6.7 off the northwest coast of the island of Hawaii, nigh the Kona area of the big island. The initial earthquake was followed approximately five minutes afterwards by a magnitude 5.7 aftershock. Minor-to-moderate damage was reported on almost of the Big Island. Several major roadways became impassable from rock slides, and effects were felt equally far away equally Honolulu, Oahu, virtually 150 miles (240 km) from the epicenter. Power outages lasted for several hours to days. Several water mains ruptured. No deaths or life-threatening injuries were reported.

On May 4, 2018, there was a 6.9 earthquake in the zone of volcanic activeness from Kīlauea.

Earthquakes are monitored by the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory run by the USGS.

Tsunamis [edit]

Backwash of the 1960 Chilean tsunami in Hilo, Hawaiʻi, where the tsunami left 61 people dead and 282 seriously injured. The waves reached 35 feet (11 m) loftier.

The Hawaiian Islands are subject to tsunamis, great waves that strike the shore. Tsunamis are about oft caused past earthquakes somewhere in the Pacific. The waves produced by the earthquakes travel at speeds of 400–500 miles per hour (600–800 km/h) and can affect littoral regions thousands of miles (kilometers) away.

Tsunamis may too originate from the Hawaiian Islands. Explosive volcanic activity tin can cause tsunamis. The island of Molokaʻi had a catastrophic collapse or debris avalanche over a one thousand thousand years ago; this underwater landslide probable caused tsunamis. The Hilina Slump on the island of Hawaiʻi is another potential place for a large landslide and resulting tsunami.

The city of Hilo on the Large Isle has been most afflicted past tsunamis, where the in-rushing water is accentuated by the shape of Hilo Bay. Littoral cities accept tsunami warning sirens.

A tsunami resulting from an earthquake in Chile striking the islands on February 27, 2010. It was relatively minor, only local emergency management officials utilized the latest technology and ordered evacuations in preparation for a possible major event. The Governor alleged it a "skilful drill" for the next major event.

A tsunami resulting from an earthquake in Nippon hit the islands on March 11, 2011. It was relatively modest, but local officials ordered evacuations in preparation for a possible major event. The tsunami caused nearly $xxx.1 million in damages.^[25]

History [edit]

This department needs expansion. You lot can help past adding to it. (September 2021)

The islands of Hawaii were starting time settled by explorers, believed to exist from the mythical Polynesian civilization of Hawaiki, old between 400 AD and 1120 AD.^[26]

Environmental [edit]

The islands are home to a multitude of owned species. Since man settlement, first by Polynesians, non native trees, plants, and animals were introduced. These included species such as rats and pigs, that take preyed on native birds and invertebrates that initially evolved in the absence of such predators. The growing population of humans has also led to deforestation, woods degradation, treeless grasslands, and environmental degradation. Every bit a issue, many species which depended on forest habitats and food became extinct—with many current species facing extinction. Equally humans cleared land for farming, monocultural crop production replaced multi-species systems.^{[ citation needed ]}

The arrival of the Europeans had a more significant touch on, with the promotion of large-scale single-species consign agronomics and livestock grazing. This led to increased clearing of forests, and the evolution of towns, adding many more species to the list of extinct animals of the Hawaiian Islands. As of 2009^[update], many of the remaining endemic species are considered endangered.^[27]

National Monument [edit]

On June 15, 2006, President George W. Bush issued a public proclamation creating Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument under the Antiquities Act of 1906. The Monument encompasses the northwestern Hawaiian Islands and surrounding waters, forming the largest^[28] marine wildlife reserve in the world. In August 2010, UNESCO'southward Earth Heritage Commission added Papahānaumokuākea to its list of World Heritage Sites.^{[29] [30] [31]} On August 26, 2016, President Barack Obama greatly expanded Papahānaumokuākea, quadrupling it from its original size.^{[32] [33] [34]}

Climate [edit]

The Hawaiian Islands are tropical but feel many different climates, depending on altitude and surroundings.^[35] The islands receive most rainfall from the trade winds on their due north and eastward flanks (the windward side) equally a upshot of orographic precipitation.^[35] Coastal areas in general and specially the southward and due west flanks, or leeward sides, tend to be drier.^[35]

In general, the lowlands of Hawaiian Islands receive most of their precipitation during the winter months (October to April).^[35] Drier conditions mostly prevail from May to September.^[35] The tropical storms, and occasional hurricanes, tend to occur from July through November.^[35]

During the summer months the boilerplate temperature is about 84 °F (29 °C), in the wintertime months it is approximately 78,8 °F (26 °C). Every bit the temperature is relatively constant over the yr the probability of dangerous thunderstorms is approximately low.^[36]

Meet likewise [edit]

• Hawaii Inter-Isle Cable System
• Index of Hawaii-related manufactures
• Listing of birds of Hawaii
• List of fish of Hawaii
• List of mountain peaks of Hawaii
• Listing of Ultras of Hawaii
• Maritime fur trade
• Outline of Hawaii

References [edit]

1. ^ Pearce, Charles East.M.; Pearce, F. K. (2010). Oceanic Migration: Paths, Sequence, Timing and Range of Prehistoric Migration in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. Springer Science & Business organisation Media. p. 167. ISBN978-xc-481-3826-5.
2. ^ Whittaker, Elvi W. (1986). The Mainland Haole: The White Experience in Hawaii. Columbia University Press. p. 3. ISBN978-0-231-05316-vii.
3. ^ Rayson, Ann; Bauer, Helen (1997). Hawaii: The Pacific Country. Bess Press. p. 26. ISBN1573060968.
4. ^ James Cook and James King (1784). A Voyage to the Pacific Ocean: Undertaken, by the Command of His Majesty, for Making Discoveries in the Northern Hemisphere, to Make up one's mind the Position and Extent of the Due west Side of North America, Its Distance from Asia, and the Practicability of a Northern Passage to Europe: Performed Under the Direction of Captains Cook, Clerke, and Gore, in His Majesty'south Ships the Resolution and Discovery, in the Years 1776, 1777, 1778, 1779, and 1780. Vol. 2. Nicol and Cadell, London. p. 222.
5. ^ Clement, Russell. "From Melt to the 1840 Constitution: The Name Change from Sandwich to Hawaiian Islands" (PDF). University of Hawai'i at Manoa Hamilton Library. Retrieved June 17, 2012.
6. ^ "Guide to State and Local Census Geography – Hawaii" (PDF). Washington, DC: U.S. Census Agency. September 9, 2013. pp. ane–2. Retrieved September sixteen, 2016.
7. ^ Blay, Chuck, and Siemers, Robert. Kauai''s Geologic History: A Simplified Guide. Kaua'i: TEOK Investigations, 2004. ISBN 9780974472300. (Cited in "Hawaiian Encyclopedia : The Islands". Retrieved June 20, 2012. )
8. ^ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Data System: Island of Hawaiʻi
9. ^ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Maui Isle
10. ^ U.Due south. Geological Survey Geographic Names Data System: Oʻahu Isle
11. ^ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Kauaʻi Island
12. ^ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information Arrangement: Molokaʻi Island
13. ^ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Lānaʻi Island
14. ^ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Niʻihau Isle
15. ^ U.Southward. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information Organisation: Kahoʻolawe Island
16. ^ "Hawaii Population 2016 (Demographics, Maps, Graphs)". worldpopulationreview.com . Retrieved September 12, 2016.
17. ^ "Hawaii : Image of the Day". nasa.gov. Jan 29, 2014. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
18. ^ "Hawai'i Facts & Figures" (PDF). country web site. State of Hawaii Dept. of Concern, Economic Development & Tourism. December 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 22, 2008. Retrieved May 23, 2010.
19. ^ "Tectonics, geochronology, and origin of the Hawaiian-Emperor Volcanic Chain" (PDF). The Geology of North America, Volume N: The Eastern Pacific Ocean and Hawaii. The Geology Society of America. 1989. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 11, 2011. Retrieved January 17, 2011.
20. ^ McDougall, IAN; Swanson, D. A. (1972). "Potassium-Argon Ages of Lavas from the Hawi and Pololu Volcanic Series, Kohala Volcano, Hawaii". Geological Lodge of America Message. Geology Lodge of American Message. 83 (12): 3731–3738. Bibcode:1972GSAB...83.3731M. doi:ten.1130/0016-7606(1972)83[3731:PAOLFT]2.0.CO;2. Retrieved January 17, 2011.
21. ^ Clague, David A.; Dalrymple, G. Brent; Moberly, Ralph (1975). "Petrography and K-Ar Ages of Dredged Volcanic Rocks from the Western Hawaiian Ridge and the Southern Emperor Seamount Chain". Geological Society of America Bulletin. Geology Society of America Bulletin. 86 (7): 991–998. Bibcode:1975GSAB...86..991C. doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1975)86<991:PAKAOD>2.0.CO;2. ISSN 0016-7606. Retrieved January 17, 2011.
22. ^ "Mauna Loa World's Largest Volcano". Hawaiian Volcano Observatory web site. USGS. February 2006. Retrieved December 9, 2009.
23. ^ "Hawaii Earthquake History". Earthquake Hazards Program. United States Geological Survey. 1972. Archived from the original on April 19, 2009. Retrieved December 9, 2009.
24. ^ "Superlative Convulsion States". Earthquake Hazards Program. United States Geological Survey. 2003. Archived from the original on August 31, 2009. Retrieved December ix, 2009.
25. ^ Trusdell, Frank A.; Chadderton, Amy; Hinchliffe, Graham; Hara, Andrew; Patenge, Brent; Weber, Tom (Nov 15, 2012). "Tohoku-Oki Earthquake Seismic sea wave Runup and Inundation Data for Sites Around the Island of Hawai'i" (PDF). USGS. pp. 3–iv. Retrieved Oct 11, 2016.
26. ^ Smith, Philippa Mein (Dec one, 2011). A Concise History of New Zealand (2nd ed.). Cambridge Academy Press. pp. six–9. ISBN9781107402171.
27. ^ Craig R. Elevitch; Kim Grand. Wilkinson, eds. (2000). Agroforestry Guides for Pacific Islands. Permanent Agriculture Resources. ISBN0-9702544-0-seven. Archived from the original on January 12, 2006. Retrieved September 26, 2005.
28. ^ Barnett, Cynthia (August 26, 2016). "Hawaii Is Now Dwelling to an Sea Reserve Twice the Size of Texas". National Geographic . Retrieved September 2, 2016.
29. ^ "21 sites added to Unesco World Heritage list – Wikinews, the gratuitous news source". Wikinews. August five, 2010. Retrieved March 28, 2017.
30. ^ Saltzstein, Dan (August 4, 2010). "Unesco Adds 21 Sites to Earth Heritage List". The New York Times . Retrieved March 28, 2017.
31. ^ "World Heritage Committee inscribes a full of 21 new sites on UNESCO Globe Heritage List". whc.unesco.org. August 2, 2010. Retrieved March 28, 2017.
32. ^ Cocke, Sophie (August 25, 2016). "Obama expands Papahanaumokuakea marine reserve; plans Oahu trip". Honolulu Star Advertiser . Retrieved March 28, 2017.
33. ^ "Fact Sheet: President Obama to Create the Globe'south Largest Marine Protected Area". whitehouse.gov. August 26, 2016. Retrieved March 28, 2017.
34. ^ Barnett, Cynthia (Baronial 26, 2016). "Hawaii Is Now Home to an Ocean Reserve Twice the Size of Texas". NationalGeographic.com . Retrieved March 28, 2017.
35. ^ ^{a b c d e f} Lau, Leung-Ku Stephen; Mink, John Francis (October 1, 2006). Hydrology of the Hawaiian Islands. pp. 39, 43, 49, 53. ISBN9780824829483.
36. ^ "So ist das Wetter auf Hawaii". Hawaiiurlaub.de (in German). July 24, 2015. Retrieved June 24, 2020.

Further reading [edit]

• Morgan, Joseph R. (1996). "Volcanic Landforms". Hawai'i: A Unique Geography . Honolulu, How-do-you-do: Bess Press. ISBN9781573060219. OCLC 693187693 – via Net Archive.
• An integrated data website focused on the Hawaiian Archipelago from the Pacific Region Integrated Data Enterprise (PRIDE).
• Macdonald, Gordon A.; Abbott, Agatin (2021) [1970]. Volcanoes in the Sea: The Geology of Hawaii. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. doi:10.1515/9780824885786. ISBN9780824885786. OCLC 1253313940.
  • 1970 edition: Volcanoes in the Sea: The Geology of Hawaii at the Cyberspace Annal (registration required)
• The Body of water Atlas of Hawai'i – SOEST at University of Hawaiʻi.
• "Hawaiian Volcanoes – Introduction – Section of Geosciences". Corvallis, OR, United states of america. Archived from the original on March 5, 2012. Retrieved May 12, 2012. Volcano Earth |; Your Earth is Erupting – Oregon State University College of Science

What Hemisphere Is Hawaii In,

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawaiian_Islands

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